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Genomics
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Overview
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies a targeted DNA sequence through
repeated cycles of temperature changes. It utilizes a heat-stable DNA polymerase
enzyme (commonly Taq polymerase), DNA primers (short sequences complementary to
the target DNA flanking region), nucleotides (building blocks of DNA), and a DNA
template containing the region of interest.
Applications
Genetic Research: Studying
gene expression, mutations, and genetic variation.
Medical Diagnostics: Detecting pathogens, identifying genetic diseases, and monitoring treatment responses.
Paternity Testing: Determining biological relationships based on DNA profiles.
Medical Diagnostics: Detecting pathogens, identifying genetic diseases, and monitoring treatment responses.
Paternity Testing: Determining biological relationships based on DNA profiles.
Advantages
High Specificity: PCR can
distinguish DNA sequences differing by a single nucleotide, ensuring accurate results.
High Sensitivity: Capable of detecting very small amounts of DNA, even a single copy, which is critical in diagnostic applications.
Versatility: Adaptable for various DNA amplification needs and compatible with different detection methods (e.g., gel electrophoresis, real-time PCR).
High Sensitivity: Capable of detecting very small amounts of DNA, even a single copy, which is critical in diagnostic applications.
Versatility: Adaptable for various DNA amplification needs and compatible with different detection methods (e.g., gel electrophoresis, real-time PCR).
Limitations
Potential Contamination: PCR
is susceptible to contamination from trace amounts of DNA, requiring stringent laboratory practices.
Inhibition: Some substances in biological samples may inhibit PCR reactions, necessitating purification steps.
Inhibition: Some substances in biological samples may inhibit PCR reactions, necessitating purification steps.
